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Outdoor Games Golf – Golf is a club-and-ball sport in which players use a variety of clubs to hit a ball through a series of holes on a course with as few strokes as possible.
Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not use a standard playing field, and dealing with varied terrain on different courses is a key aspect of the game. Courses usually have either 18 or 9 holes, an area of land that each contains a cup, the hole that receives the ball. Each hole on a course contains a tee to start and a putting green containing the cup. There are several standard types of terrain between the tee and fairway, such as the fairway, rough (tall grass), and various hazards such as water, rocks, or sand-filled bunkers. Each hole on the course is unique in its particular layout.
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Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as tournament play. Stroke play is the most common format at all levels, especially at the elite level.
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The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland. The 18-hole round was played on the Old Course at St Andrews in 1764. The first major in golf, and the world’s oldest tournament in existence, is The Op Championship, also known as the British Op, which was first played in 1860 at Prestwick. A golf club in Ayrshire, Scotland. This is one of four major tournaments in professional golf m’s, the other three are played in the United States: Masters, U.S. The Open and the PGA Championship.
Although the modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland, the ancient origins of the game are unclear and much debated.
Trace the sport back to the Roman game of Paganica, where participants used bt sticks to hit stuffed leather balls. One theory claims that paganism spread throughout Europe when the Romans conquered most of the continent, in the early BC, and possibly evolved into the modern game.
A Ming Dynasty scroll by artist Youqiu dating from 1368 titled “Autumn Feast” shows a member of the Chinese imperial court swinging what appears to be a golf club at a small ball with the goal of sinking it into a hole.
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The Persian game chowkan is another possible ancit origin, albeit more polo-like. In addition, kolv (a game involving balls and curved clubs) was played annually in Lo, Holland, from 1297, to commemorate the capture of Floris V’s assassin, a year earlier.
The modern game originated in Scotland, where the first written record of golf is the banning of the game by James II in 1457, as an unwelcome distraction from learning archery.
James IV lifted the ban in 1502 when he became a golfer himself, with golf clubs first recorded in 1503–1504: “For golf clubs and balls to the King he plays with”.
In the eyes of many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews, a links course from before 1574, is considered a place of pilgrimage.
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In 1764, the standard 18 hole golf course was created at St Andrews where members changed the course from 22 to 18 holes.
Golf is said to have been played at Musselburgh Links, East Lothian, Scotland as early as March 2, 1672, which is certified as the oldest golf course in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records.
The oldest existing rules of golf were compiled in March 1744 for the Company of Gtlem Golfers, later called The Honorable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, played in Leith, Scotland.
The world’s oldest golf tournament in existence, and golf’s first major, is The Op Championship, which was first played on October 17, 1860 at Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland, where Scottish golfers won the first major.
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Two Scots from Dunfermline, John Reid and Robert Lockhart, first introduced golf to the United States by setting up a hole in an orchard in 1888, while Reid set up America’s first golf club that same year, Saint Andrew’s Golf Club in Yonkers, New York.
A golf course consists of either 9 or 18 holes, each with a tee or “tee box” set by two markers showing the boundaries of the legal teeing area, the fairway, rough and other hazards, and the putting green surrounded by a fringe of pins (usually a flagpole) and cups.
The grass level is varied to increase difficulty, or to allow for placement in the case of the grass. While many holes are designed with a direct line of sight from the tee area to the fairway, some holes can be either to the left or to the right. This is commonly called “dogleg”, referring to a dog’s knee. The hole is called “dogleg left” if the hole slopes to the left and “dogleg right” if it slopes to the right. Sometimes the direction of a hole can be twofold; this is called a “double dog”.
A standard golf course consists of 18 holes, but nine-hole courses are common, and a full round of 18 holes can be played twice.
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Early Scottish golf courses were primarily laid out on linklands, soil-covered dunes directly inland from the coast. The word “link” is derived from the Scots language and the Old Greek word hlinc (“rising ground, ridge”): usually these are dunes on the coast but sometimes in parklands.
This gave rise to the term “links golf”, particularly applied to courses by the sea and those built on natural sandy soil inland.
The first 18-hole golf course in the United States was on a sheep farm in Downers Grove, Illinois, in 1892. The course is still there today.
Each round of golf is based on playing several holes in a certain order. A “round” usually consists of 18 holes played in the order determined by the course layout. Each hole is played once per round on a standard 18-hole course. The game can be played by any number of people, although a typical group will have 1–4 people playing the round. The typical time required for speed of play is two hours for a 9-hole round and four hours for an 18-hole round.
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Playing a hole on a golf course is started by putting a ball in play by hitting it with a club on the tee (also called the tee box, or simply the tee). For this first stroke on each hole, the golfer is permitted, but not required, to place the ball on the tee before hitting it. A tee is a small plug that can be used to lift the ball slightly off the ground to a height of a few centimeters. Tees are usually made of wood, but can be made of any material, including plastic. Traditionally, golfers used mounds of sand to lift the ball and had containers of sand for that. A few courses are still required to use sand instead of tees to reduce debris and reduce damage to the tee. Tees help reduce ground or grass interference to the club’s motion making the ball easier to hit, and also places the ball in the center of the club’s hitting face (the “sweet spot”) for better distance.
When the initial stroke on a hole is intended to move the ball a long distance, usually more than 225 yards (210 m), the stroke is commonly called a “drive” and is generally made from a long-shafted, big-headed wood. club called “driver”. Shorter holes can be started with other clubs, such as higher number woods or irons. Once the ball has come to rest, the golfer hits it again as often as necessary using strokes variously known as “setup”, “method”, “toss” or “play” until the ball reaches the green, where the golfer ” putts’ the ball into the hole (commonly called ‘sinking the putt’ or ‘holing out’). The goal of getting the ball into the hole (the “hole” ball) in as few strokes as possible can be hindered by obstacles such as areas of longer grass known as “rough” (usually adjacent to fairways), both of which slow down any ball that hits him and makes it more difficult to bring forward a ball that has stopped on him; “doglegs”, which are changes in course direction that often require shorter strokes to play around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water bodies such as ponds or streams.
In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each player plays their ball until it hits the hole, no matter how many strokes it may take. In competitive play, it is acceptable to simply pick up one’s ball and “hand the hole” after a player hits a difficult putt where it is mathematically impossible for the player to win the hole. It is also acceptable in informal stroke play to leave the hole after hitting three shots over par
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