Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation

Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation – Omega-3s are known to be anti-inflammatory, but how do they work in the body, especially when it comes to the immune system? This blog will discuss how omega-3s work in terms of immune function, as well as information on the relationship between inflammation and the Omega-3 Index.

Omega-3s are generally anti-inflammatory, but inflammation is only the first step in a more complex, general immune response to viral infections. Below is a diagram of the immune system (

Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation

Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation

). From a chronological perspective, the first level of protection is on the far right where barriers such as “skin” are visible barriers to micro-organisms.

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Moving to the left, we see the next level of protection. If pests – bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. – beyond the first stage, the blood cells take up the fight. These are white blood cells like “macrophages” that, like Pac-Man, pick up the invading bacteria and digest them. To help these “eating/killing” cells become more specific, the “acquired” immune system creates antibodies (protein molecules that specifically identify the new bacteria or virus) that help target the cells. eating to quickly find and kill invading insects. It is a highly coordinated dance of cells and tissues that, together, keep us healthy.

For a brief introduction, let’s turn to omega-3 fatty acids. What role do they play in this process? The sketch below (

) summarizes how omega-3 EPA and DHA can affect the inflammatory response, which is the first phase of the overall immune response. As in Figure 1, we will not try to explain this diagram in detail, but everywhere you see this symbol: “—|” it means EPA+DHA

That way, most of them are “active.” It is not important to understand exactly WHAT is activated, but suffice it to say that the net effect is a blinding of pro-inflammatory pathways. This does not mean that EPA+DHA completely blocks these pathways – that would be fatal! – just to go down.

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In the context of COVID-19, we’re hearing a lot about “bending the curve,” and that’s a sense of what EPA and DHA do in your body in response to infections. The infection does not cause further stimulation of the inflammatory response – it allows what some call the “Goldilocks” response: not too little and not too little, but just right.

Mechanistic data clearly show that omega-3s in cell membranes play an important role in regulating the toxic aspects of the immune response. In summary, both Figure 1 and Figure 2 show how complex the system is.

Since the immune system can use toxic measures to destroy unwanted organisms (innate component), this must be a targeted response (adaptive component) and there must be healing of collateral damage caused by this force response. many. That healing is a dynamic process in itself called a “solution.” Resolution of the acute inflammatory response is mediated by metabolites of omega-3 fatty acids known as “specific resolution mediators” (SPMs).

Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation

Finding SPMs has been an exciting area of ​​research led by Dr. Charles Serhan for the past 20 years. SPMs are released hours and days after the inflammatory response as observed

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When there are low levels of omega-3s in the body, there is less of the starting material from which SPMs are made, thus, a less efficient healing process and chronic inflammation and injury. A study by Norris and Skulas-Ray found that subjects receiving high doses of EPA+DHA (900-3400 mg/d) and then challenged with an inflammatory challenge produced significantly higher levels of SPMs 24 hours after the challenge. than controls. Not only do omega-3s play a role in triggering the initial inflammatory response but they also help after the attack is over.

A review by Fenton et al. It shows how cell membrane omega-3s can affect the immune system (and all body systems) if it is too high or too low (

). The definition of “very low” is probably an Omega-3 Index 12%). In terms of the immune system, a deficiency of omega-3 can cause excessive inflammation and damage while an excessive level of omega-3 can cause an inflammatory response to inflammation.

Having an Omega-3 index >12%, on the other hand, is rare and not well studied, so there is not enough data to know what is too high and what it looks like, which is why testing is important. is. Our recommendation would be to consume enough EPA and DHA to achieve and maintain an Omega-3 index between 8-12%.

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A 2001 paper by Theis and colleagues studied the effects of DHA and fish oil (including EPA and DHA) on “natural killer” (NK) cell activity. (

See Figure 1 above, on the left hand side of the “Innate” immune system, under “Phagocytes” – the 5th cell type.

). In this study, researchers gave healthy people 720 mg DHA or 1 g EPA+DHA (720 mg EPA + 280 mg DHA) for 12 weeks and tested

Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation

(eg, test tube) effects on NK cell activity. They concluded that since NK cell activity was reduced in the EPA+DHA group but not in the DHA group, EPA inhibited NK cell activity. Therefore, EPA “may have anti-immune effects.”

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Two points need to be made here: 1) testing the effects of omega-3 supplementation on ONE component of the immune system does not tell you about its effects on the immune system as a whole; and 2) Testing effects in a test tube, not “in vivo” (whole body) is artificial and potentially misleading.

A 1993 paper published in the Journal of Medical Research reported the effect of feeding fish (high fat and low fat fish) on the “immune response”. This diet provided 1.23 grams per day of EPA+DHA and was fed for 24 weeks.

The researchers concluded: “Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Committee) Step 2 diet high in fish significantly lowers various parameters of the immune response in contrast to this diet when is less in fish. Such changes may be useful in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic and inflammatory diseases, but may be detrimental to host defense against infectious diseases.”

So these two reports raise the possibility — but don’t necessarily prove — that omega-3s can make it harder to fight infections. What we need is a large study in which thousands of people were given omega-3 (or placebo) and the effects of infections and respiratory diseases were monitored. Thankfully, we have a study like this that studied the effect of 4 grams of EPA on the incidence of disease over a period of five years. The study is called REDUCE-IT and the reported effects of EPA (vs placebo) on several inflammation-related diseases from the Supplemental Data section are shown below.

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What this data shows is that there is no effect whatsoever of EPA treatment in any of these conditions, which provides strong evidence that EPA is not, in real life (as opposed to the test tube), increasing the risk of infection. But there is also no reason to believe in this study that high doses of EPA will reduce the risk of respiratory infections either.

In short, we don’t have an exact answer to this question, but staying within the desired range of 8-12% is a good place to start. So far, the exact definition of high blood omega-3 levels is unknown. We set our desired range at 8-12%, which has been shown to be clinically significant for heart disease risk, and it appears that many of the other health benefits are achieved within this range. High blood levels of omega-3s have been associated with a lower risk of death from any cause, although most of that data was collected at the time of vaccination against the most common infectious diseases.

The relationship between the levels of the Omega-3 index and the severity of the symptoms of COVID-19 (or death) is a question that we hope to start researching soon. Until we know more, keep eating a healthy diet that includes omega-3s, wash your hands and don’t touch your face! Open Access Policy Institutional Open Access Program Guidelines for Research Editing and Publication Ethics Article Guidelines for Awarding Degrees

Omega 3 To Reduce Inflammation

All articles they publish are made available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to re-use all or part of the published article, including figures and tables. For articles published under a creative open access CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https:///openaccess.

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Manifesto papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential and high impact in the field. Abstracts are submitted by special invitation or recommendation by scientific editors and undergo peer review before publication.

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